Gordon Newell and Joe Williamson Pacific Coastal Liners, Superior Publishing Co.: Seattle, WA, (Bonanza Books, Crown Publishing: NY), 1959, 192 pp., 1880s
p. 27 "During the period between 1870 and 1890 most seacoast communities, from San Diego and Santa Barbara to Gray's Harbor, depended (p. 33) largely on the steamships for their transportation needs. Numerous independent lines, many of them one-ship companies, were formed to serve these secondary ports, but few of them flourished for long. They were in competition with the ubiquitous steam schooners, that breed of small wooden lumber carrier peculiar to the West Coast. These little craft poked their blunt noses into every port and doghole along the coast and most of them carried passengers, usually in doghouse-sized staterooms with three bunks piled one above the other . . .